Piccadilly line

Piccadilly
Piccadilly line logo.PNG
Colour on map Dark blue
Year opened 1906
Line type Deep Tube
Rolling stock 1973 Tube Stock
6 cars per trainset
Stations served 53
Length 71 km (44 mi)
Depots Cockfosters
Northfields
Journeys made 176,177,000 (per annum)
London Transport portal

The Piccadilly line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. It is the fifth busiest line on the Underground network judged by the number of passengers transported per year. It is mainly a deep-level line running from the north to the west of London via Zone 1, with a number of surface sections mostly in its westernmost parts. Out of the 53 stations served, 25 are underground.

Contents

History

The beginnings

See Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway for detailed histories of the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR), and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR).

The Piccadilly line began as the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), one of several railways controlled by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), whose chief director was Charles Tyson Yerkes, although he died before any of his schemes came to fruition.

The GNP&BR was formed from the merger of two earlier, but unbuilt, tube-railway companies taken over in 1901 by Yerkes' consortium: the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR) and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR). The GN&SR's and B&PCR's separate routes were linked with an additional section between Piccadilly Circus and Holborn. A section of the Metropolitan District Railway's scheme for a deep-level tube line between South Kensington and Earl's Court was also added in order to complete the route.

When the GNP&BR was formally opened on 15 December 1906, the line ran from the Great Northern Railway's station at Finsbury Park to the District Railway's station at Hammersmith.

On 30 November 1907, the short branch from Holborn to the Strand (later renamed Aldwych) opened, which had been planned as the last section of the GN&SR before the amalgamation with the B&PCR was made. In 1905 (and again in 1965), plans were made to extend it the short distance south under the River Thames to Waterloo, but this never happened. Although built with twin tunnels, single-line shuttling became the norm on the branch from 1918 on, with the eastern tunnel closed to traffic.

Later changes

On 1 July 1910, the GNP&BR and the other UERL-owned tube railways (the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway) were merged, by private Act of Parliament,[1][2] to become the London Electric Railway Company.

On 10 December 1928, a rebuilt Piccadilly Circus station was formally opened. This included a sub-surface booking hall and eleven escalators, replacing the original lifts, and was the start of a considerable renovation of the whole railway, which included a comprehensive programme of station enlargement, on the same basis as the improvements at Piccadilly Circus.

Cockfosters extension

Piccadilly line train at Ruislip Manor station.

From the 1920s onwards there had been severe congestion at the line's northern terminus, Finsbury Park, where travellers had to change on to trams and buses for destinations in North and North East London. There had been deputations made to Parliament, asking for an early extension of the line either towards Tottenham and Edmonton or towards Wood Green and Palmers Green. The early 1930s was a time of recession, and in order to relieve unemployment Government capital was made available. The chief features of the scheme were an extension northwards from Finsbury Park to Cockfosters. It was also planned to build a station between Manor House and Turnpike Lane at the junction of Green Lanes and St Ann's Road in Harringay, but this was stopped by Frank Pick who felt that the bus and tram service at this point was adequate. However, a 'Ventilation Station', in similar architectural style to tube stations of the time was provided at the site, and is visible today. There was also some opposition from the London and North Eastern Railway to the line. The extension is in tube from Finsbury Park to a point a little south of Arnos Grove. The total length of the extension is 12 km (7.5 mi): it cost £4 million to build and was opened in sections as follows:

Westward extensions

Powers to link with existing tracks west of Hammersmith were originally obtained in 1913. A Parliamentary report of 1919 recommended through running to Richmond and Ealing. By the end of the 1920s the priority had shifted to serving the areas around Hounslow and north and west of Ealing. The outcome involved taking over the inner pair of tracks between Hammersmith and Acton Town as a non-stop service, while the Metropolitan District Railway would continue to provide the stopping service on the outer pair of tracks.[3] Construction of the linking sections started in 1930, and the services opened as follows.

These extensions are notable for the Art Deco architecture of many of their stations, often designed by Charles Holden.

Victoria line

During the planning stages of the Victoria line, a proposal was put forward to transfer Manor House station to the Victoria line, and also to build new "direct" tunnels from Finsbury Park to Turnpike Lane station, thereby cutting the journey time in and out of Central London. This idea was eventually shelved due to the inconvenience to passengers that would have been caused during re-building, as well as the costs of the new tunnels. Even so, the Piccadilly line was still affected at Finsbury Park by the construction of the Victoria line. The westbound service was re-directed through new tunnels, to give cross-platform interchange with the Victoria line on the platforms previously used by the Northern City Line. This work was completed in 1965, and the diversion came into use on 3 October 1965, three years before the opening of the first stage of the Victoria line.

Heathrow extension

Inside a Piccadilly line carriage

In 1975, a new tunnel section was opened to Hatton Cross from Hounslow West. Hounslow West became a tunnel section station. In 1977, the branch was extended to Heathrow Central. This station was renamed Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 in 1984, with the opening of a one-way loop serving Heathrow Terminal 4, to the south of the central terminal area.

During 7 January 2005 until 17 September 2006, the loop via Heathrow Terminal 4 was closed to allow the connection of a spur line to the now operational Heathrow Terminal 5 station. All underground services reverted to two-way working into Terminals 1, 2 and 3, which again became the temporary terminus; shuttle buses served Terminal 4 from the Hatton Cross bus station. For a brief period in the summer of 2006, the line terminated at Hatton Cross and shuttle buses also ran to Terminals 1, 2, 3 while the track configuration and tunnels were altered for the Terminal 5 link from that station. The station at Terminal 5 opened on 27 March 2008 on the same day Terminal 5 opened.

2005 terrorist attack

On 7 July 2005, a Piccadilly line train was attacked by suicide bomber Germaine Lindsay. The blast occurred at 08:50 BST while the train was travelling between King's Cross St. Pancras and Russell Square. It was part of a co-ordinated attack on London's transport network, and was synchronised with three other attacks — two on the Circle line and one on a bus at Tavistock Square. A relatively small high-explosive device, concealed in a rucksack, was used; the bomber died in the explosion.

The Piccadilly line bomb resulted in the largest number of fatalities, with 26 people reported killed. Evacuation proved to be more difficult as it is a deep level line, difficult for the emergency services to reach. The entire line remained closed for the rest of the day. Parts of the line re-opened on 8 July, with no service between Hyde Park Corner and Arnos Grove, and full service was restored on 4 August, exactly four weeks after the bomb.

Infrastructure

Rolling stock

Piccadilly line trains of 1973 stock at Rayners Lane station

Like virtually all Underground lines, the Piccadilly line is operated by a single type of rolling stock, in this case the 1973 tube stock, in the standard London Underground livery of blue, white and red. Seventy-six trains out of a fleet of 88 are needed to run the line's peak service, and one unit (166-566-366) was severely damaged by the terrorist attack of 7 July 2005. While the stock was recently refurbished, it is due for replacement by 2014.[4]

The line was previously worked by 1959 stock, 1956 stock, 1938 stock, standard tube stock and 1906 gate stock.

The line has two depots, at Northfieldsmap 55 and Cockfosters.map 54 There are sidings at Oakwood, South Harrow, Arnos Grove, Rayners Lane, Down Street, Wood Green, Acton Town, Ruislip and Uxbridge.

Signalling

The line is controlled from the control centre at Earl's Court, which it used to share with the District line. It is in need of resignalling, and this work is planned to be carried out by 2014.

Service pattern

The current service pattern is:

6 trains per hour Cockfosters – Heathrow Terminal 5 (via Terminals 1, 2, 3)
6 trains per hour Cockfosters – Heathrow Terminal 4 (returning around the loop and serving Terminals 1, 2, 3)
3 trains per hour Cockfosters – Uxbridge
3 trains per hour Cockfosters – Rayners Lane
6 trains per hour Arnos Grove – Northfields

Half of the Uxbridge trains turn back at Rayners Lane: a 10-minute service runs between Acton and Rayners Lane, with a 20-minute service to Uxbridge (this section is supplemented by the Metropolitan line).

Often late evening services terminate at Oakwood instead of Cockfosters.

Trains will also make an additional stop at Turnham Green during early mornings and late evenings but will not stop at the station during the main part of the day.

Other services operate at times, especially at the start and towards the end of the traffic day.

Map

Geographically accurate path of the Piccadilly line

Stations

Piccadilly line
Urban head station
Cockfosters
Waterway turning from left Unknown route-map component "uABZrf"
Urban non-passenger station/depot on track Urban straight track
Cockfosters Depot
Waterway turning to left Unknown route-map component "uABZlg"
Urban stop on track
Oakwood
Enter urban tunnel
Urban tunnel stop on track
Southgate
Exit urban tunnel
Urban stop on track
Arnos Grove
Unknown route-map component "uKDSTl" Unknown route-map component "uABZrf"
Arnos Grove sidings
Enter urban tunnel
Urban tunnel stop on track
Bounds Green
Urban tunnel stop on track
Wood Green
Urban tunnel stop on track
Turnpike Lane
Urban tunnel stop on track
Manor House
Urban tunnel station on track
Finsbury Park Victoria roundel1.PNG National Rail
Urban tunnel stop on track
Arsenal
Urban tunnel stop on track
Holloway Road
Urban tunnel stop on track
Caledonian Road
Urban tunnel unused stop on in-use track
York Road (closed 1932)
Unknown route-map component "utACC"
King's Cross St. Pancras Circle roundel1.PNG H&c roundel.PNG Metropolitan roundel1.PNG Northern roundel1.PNG Victoria roundel1.PNG National Rail               
Urban tunnel stop on track
Russell Square
Urban tunnel station on track
Holborn Central roundel1.PNG
Unknown route-map component "uetABZlf" Unknown route-map component "uextKBHFr"
Aldwych (closed 1994)
Urban tunnel stop on track
Covent Garden
Urban tunnel station on track
Leicester Square Northern roundel1.PNG
Urban tunnel station on track
Piccadilly Circus Bakerloo roundel1.PNG
Urban tunnel station on track
Green Park Jubilee roundel1.PNG Victoria roundel1.PNG
Urban tunnel unused stop on in-use track
Down Street (closed 1932)
Urban tunnel stop on track
Hyde Park Corner
Urban tunnel stop on track
Knightsbridge
Urban tunnel unused stop on in-use track
Brompton Road (closed 1934)
Urban tunnel station on track
South Kensington Circle roundel1.PNG District roundel1.PNG
Urban tunnel station on track
Gloucester Road Circle roundel1.PNG District roundel1.PNG
Urban tunnel station on track
Earl's Court District roundel1.PNG
Urban track turning from right Exit urban tunnel
District Line
Right side of urban cross-platform interchange Left side of urban cross-platform interchange
Barons Court District roundel1.PNG
Right side of urban cross-platform interchange Left side of urban cross-platform interchange
Hammersmith Circle roundel1.PNG District roundel1.PNG H&c roundel.PNG
Right side of urban cross-platform interchange Left side of urban cross-platform interchange
Acton Town District roundel1.PNG
Urban junction from left Unknown route-map component "uABZrl" Urban track turning from right
Urban station on track Urban straight track
Ealing Common District roundel1.PNG
Unknown route-map component "uKRZo" Urban straight track
Central Line
Urban junction to left Urban straight track
District Line to Ealing Broadway
Urban stop on track Urban straight track
North Ealing
Urban stop on track Urban straight track
Park Royal (opened 1931)
Unknown route-map component "uKRZo" Urban straight track
Central Line
Unknown route-map component "ueHST" Urban straight track
Park Royal & Twyford Abbey (closed 1931)
Urban stop on track Urban straight track
Alperton
Urban stop on track Urban straight track
Sudbury Town
Urban station on track Urban straight track
Sudbury Hill (National Rail Sudbury Hill Harrow)
Urban stop on track Urban straight track
South Harrow
Unknown route-map component "uABZlg" Urban straight track
Metropolitan Line
Urban station on track Urban straight track
Rayners Lane Metropolitan roundel1.PNG
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Uxbridge Metropolitan roundel1.PNG (opened 1938)
Unknown route-map component "none"
South Ealing
Unknown route-map component "none"
Northfields
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Northfields Depot
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Boston Manor
Unknown route-map component "none"
Osterley & Spring Grove (closed 1934)
Unknown route-map component "none"
Osterley (opened 1934)
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hounslow East
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hounslow Town
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hounslow Central
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hounslow West (closed 1975)
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hounslow West (opened 1975)
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
River Crane
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Hatton Cross
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Heathrow Terminal 4
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Unknown route-map component "none"
Heathrow Terminal 5
Notice explaining about step-free access. This can be found inside every Piccadilly line train.
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Notice explaining alternative routes to Covent Garden. This can be found inside every Piccadilly line train.

(In order from east to west.)

Cockfosters branch

Cockfosters branch
Station Image Opened Additional information
Cockfosters Cockfosters Tube Station 2007.jpg 31 July 1933 One of the two depots is located heremap 1
Oakwood Handicapped/disabled access Oakwood tube station better.jpg 13 March 1933 Opened as Enfield West; renamed Enfield WestOakwood 3 May 1934; renamed 1 September 1946map 2
Southgate Southgate station building2.JPG 13 March 1933 in deep-level tunnelmap 3
Arnos Grove Arnos Grove stn building.JPG 19 September 1932 Trains may terminate here: there are several sidings for stabling trainsmap 4
Tunnel section commences
Bounds Green Bounds Green stn building.jpg 19 September 1932 map 5
Wood Green Wood Green tube station 070414.JPG 19 September 1932 map 6
Turnpike Lane Turnpike Lane stn building.JPG 19 September 1932 map 7
Manor House Manor House stn main entrance.JPG 19 September 1932 map 8
Original Section
Finsbury Park National Rail Finsbury Park tube stn entrance Station Place.JPG 15 December 1906 map 9
Arsenal Arsenal station entrance.JPG 15 December 1906 Opened as Gillespie Road; renamed Arsenal (Highbury Hill) 31 October 1932; the suffix was later dropped in 1960map 10
Holloway Road Holloway Road stn building02.jpg 15 December 1906 map 11
Caledonian Road Handicapped/disabled access Caledonian Road stn building.JPG 15 December 1906 map 12
King's Cross St. Pancras Handicapped/disabled access National Rail King's Cross St Pancras tube stn Euston Rd NE entrance.JPG 15 December 1906 Opened as King's Cross; renamed King's Cross for St. Pancras 1927; renamed 1933map 13
Russell Square Russell Square station.jpg 15 December 1906 map 14
Holborn Holborn Tube Station - April 2006.jpg 15 December 1906 Renamed Holborn (Kingsway) 22 May 1933; the suffix was later dropped.map 15
Covent Garden Covent Garden stn building.JPG 11 April 1907 map 16
Leicester Square Leicester Square stn northwest entrance.JPG 15 December 1906 map 17
Piccadilly Circus Piccadilly Circus Tube Station Entrance.jpg 15 December 1906 map 18
Green Park Green Park stn building.JPG 15 December 1906 Opened as Dover Street; renamed 18 September 1933map 19
Hyde Park Corner Hyde Park Corner stn southwest entrance.JPG 15 December 1906 In the event of disruption, trains may terminate here via a crossovermap 20
Knightsbridge Knightsbridge station east entrance.JPG 15 December 1906 map 21
South Kensington South Kensington station.jpg 8 January 1907 map 22
Gloucester Road GlocesterRoadTube.jpg 15 December 1906 map 23
Earl's Court Handicapped/disabled access EarlsCourtEntrance2.jpg 15 December 1906 Change for District linemap 24
Tunnel section ends
Barons Court Barons-court-tube.jpg 15 December 1906 Change for District linemap 25
Hammersmith Handicapped/disabled access Hammersmith entrance District and Piccadilly lines.jpg 15 December 1906 Change for District linemap 26

Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge

Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge
Station Image Opened Additional information
Turnham Green Turnham Green stn building.JPG 1 January 1869 Originally the London and South Western Railway; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 June 1963map 27
Acton Town Handicapped/disabled access ActonTown1.jpg 1 July 1879 Originally the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 28
The line splits here into two branches — the Heathrow branch and the Uxbridge branch.

Heathrow branch

Continuing from Acton Town
Station Image Opened Additional information
South Ealing South Ealing stn building.JPG 1 May 1883 Originally the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 29 April 1935map 29
Northfields Northfields station building.JPG 16 April 1908 Originally the District line (one of the two depots is here and some trains terminate here); first served by the Piccadilly line 9 January 1933map 30
Boston Manor Boston Manor stn building.JPG 1 May 1883 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 31
Osterley Osterley station building2.JPG 23 March 1934 map 32
Hounslow East Handicapped/disabled access Hounslow East stn building.JPG 2 May 1909 Opened as Hounslow Town by the District line renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 33
Hounslow Central Hounslow Central building.JPG 1 April 1886 Opened as Heston-Hounslow by the District line, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 34
Tunnel section recommences
Hounslow West Handicapped/disabled access Hounslow West stn building.JPG 21 July 1884 Opened as Hounslow Barracks) by the District line, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933, resited 19 July 1975map 35
Hatton Cross Hatton Cross stn northern entrance.JPG 19 July 1975 map 36
Heathrow Terminal 4 Handicapped/disabled access Heathrow Terminal 4 tube entrance.JPG 12 April 1986 map 37
Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 Handicapped/disabled access Heathrow Terms 123 entrance.JPG 16 December 1977 Opened as Heathrow Central; renamed Heathrow Central Terminals 1,2,3 on 3 September 1983; renamed 12 April 1986map 38
Heathrow Terminal 5 Handicapped/disabled access Heathrow Terminal 5 Underground entrance.JPG 27 March 2008 map 39

Just beyond Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station, the line goes into a new section to serve Heathrow Terminal 5 tube station, which opened in March 2008. Half of all Heathrow trains use the loop and serve Terminal 4 and the other half omit Terminal 4 and serve Terminal 5.[5]

Uxbridge branch

Continuing from Acton Town
Station Image Opened Additional information
Ealing Common Ealing Common stn building.JPG 1 July 1879 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 40
North Ealing North Ealing stn building.JPG 23 June 1903 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 41
Park Royal Park Royal stn building.JPG 6 July 1931 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; renamed Park Royal (Hanger Hill) 1 March 1936; renamed 1947map 42
Alperton Alperton station building.JPG 28 June 1903 Opened as Perivale-Alperton by the District line; renamed 7 October 1910; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 43
Sudbury Town Handicapped/disabled access Sudbury Town stn main entrance.JPG 28 June 1903 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 44
Sudbury Hill (National Rail Sudbury Hill Harrow) Sudbury Hill stn building.JPG 28 June 1903 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 45
South Harrow South Harrow stn southern entrance.JPG 28 June 1903 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; closed when re-located 4 July 1935; re-opened 5 July 1935map 46
Rayners Lane Rayners Lane stn building.JPG 1 March 1910 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (from here to Uxbridge trains share track with Metropolitan line, and some trains terminate here)map 47
Eastcote Eastcote tube station 1.jpg 1 March 1910 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 48
Ruislip Manor Ruislip Manor tube station 1.jpg 5 August 1912 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 49
Ruislip Ruislip station building.JPG 1 March 1910 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (some trains terminate here in Monday-Friday peak hours)map 50
Ickenham Ickenham tube station 1.jpg 1 March 1910 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 51
Hillingdon Handicapped/disabled access Hillingdon stn entrance.JPG 10 December 1923 Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; renamed Hillingdon (Swakeleys) April, 1934; the suffix was later dropped; closed when re-located 5 December 1992; re-opened 6 December 1992map 52
Uxbridge Handicapped/disabled access Uxbridge station entrance.JPG 1 March 1910 Terminus. Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; closed when re-located 3 December 1938; re-opened 4 December 1938map 53

Closed stations

The Aldwych branch

Future

The Piccadilly line will be upgraded in 2014-15 and will have a stock named 2014 tube stock.

See also

Maps

Sources

References

  1. London Gazette: no. 28311, pp. 8816–8818, 1909-11-23. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
  2. The merger was carried out by transferring the assets of the CCE&HR and the BS&WR to the GNP&BR and renaming the GNP&BR as the London Electric Railway.
  3. Barker & Robbins, p.252
  4. "Tube Lines invites expressions of interest from manufacturers for new Piccadilly line trains". Tubelines. 15 January 2007. http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200701/20070115.aspx. Retrieved 17 August 2007. 
  5. "Piccadilly line's new timetable". Transport for London. 8 January 2008. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/7156.aspx. Retrieved 16 January 2008. 
  6. "More Tube Lines Discussed". The Times. 27 April 1965. 
  7. "York Way Station". Alwaystouchout.com. 11 January 2006. http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/50. Retrieved 11 July 2008. 

External links